By emailing the webmaster (anders@kate-editor.org) and requesting one, including a motivation for why you need it. Knowing you from our mailing list or IRC will help.
Yes, just go to: kcontrol -> KDE Components -> File Associations -> text -> file type (e.g. plain)
The right place to report bugs and wishes is in KDE’s bugtracking system.
Kate, KWrite and KatePart are bundled with the normal KDE releases. If you wish to install any of it, please just install the corresponding KDE packages.